NANOPARTÍCULAS POLIMÉRICAS PARA ENTREGA DE FÁRMACOS AO CÉREBRO POR ADMINISTRAÇÃO INTRANASAL: UMA BREVE REVISÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22407/1984-5693.2024.v16.p.20241606Resumo
A barreira hematoencefálica (BHE) é um grande desafio biológico para o direcionamento de fármacos ao cérebro pela via sistêmica, o que diminui a eficiência terapêutica de inúmeros fármacos. Nesse contexto, a via nasal pode ser utilizada para perpassar a BHE pelos nervos olfatório e trigêmio presentes na cavidade nasal, porém, ainda assim, apresenta limitações, principalmente, relacionadas a degradação do fármaco no ambiente da mucosa nasal e o efeito de depuração. Dessa forma, nanopartículas têm sido utilizadas para contornar essas limitações e tornar a administração de fármacos através do nariz mais eficiente. Dentre as nanopartículas existentes, as nanopartículas poliméricas oferecem algumas vantagens devido a sua liberação controlada e a sua superfície passível de funcionalização para favorecer o direcionamento. Diante do exposto, esse trabalho buscou fazer um levantamento das principais características das nanopartículas poliméricas possíveis para o direcionamento intranasal, os principais polímeros utilizados, assim como algumas das moléculas e biomoléculas utilizadas como agentes de funcionalização.
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